Drugs and Alcohol
Navigating the Legalization of Marijuana: Updating Drug and Alcohol Policies
Last week, we posted a blog addressing how the recent legalization of recreational cannabis in Minnesota may affect employee drug-testing policies. We now direct our attention to employers with questions about their general drug and alcohol policies. Here are some things to consider when changing an existing drug and alcohol policy. Understanding the Law As discussed in the prior blog, the Minnesota Drug and Alcohol Testing in the Workplace Act (“the Act”) has always prohibited impairment in the workplace, and that has not changed. Under the new law, an employer is not required to permit or accommodate cannabis use, possession, impairment, sale, or transfer while an employee is working or while an employee is on the employer’s premises, or operating the employer’s vehicle, machinery, or equipment. Therefore, even though another Minnesota law, the Consumable Products Act (the “CPA”), prohibits an employer from restricting an employee’s lawful off-duty use of cannabis, nothing in the law requires employers to accommodate or permit an employee’s on-the-job possession or use. Review Your Drug and Alcohol Policy When looking to an existing drug and alcohol policy, employers should pay attention to ensure that the policy does not restrict an employee’s off-duty rights. For instance, we often see policies that broadly prohibit an employee’s use of “controlled substances” unless prescribed by a physician for treatment. Marijuana and cannabis products are no longer considered “controlled substances” as they were prior to August 1st of this year, so that prohibition is problematic under the law. In light of this definitional shift, and because pursuant to the CPA an employer may not discipline or discharge an employee because he or she engages in the lawful use of cannabis products off-premises during nonworking hours, employers should consider an impairment-based policy instead. By shifting the focus to what is prohibited while at work, the employer eliminates the risk of restricting what the employee is legally free to do during their off time. Train Supervisors Minnesota law continues to permit an employer to discipline, discharge or take other adverse personnel action against an employee for using, possessing, selling or being impaired while an employee is working, on the employer’s premises, or operating the employer’s vehicle machinery, or equipment. The Act allows an employer to take adverse action against an employee if, as the result of consuming cannabis, the employee “does not possess that clearness of intellect and control of self that the employee otherwise would have.” The person most likely to identify an employee who meets this standard is the employee’s supervisor. Employers should provide employers with training on the symptoms of impairment that can result from use of cannabis products so that supervisors can recognize an impaired employee. Supervisors should be made aware of their critical role in evaluating whether an employee is impaired as a result of using cannabis. Considerations for Job Applicants Employers should be mindful of how the legalization of cannabis alters the rights of not only existing employees but applicants as well. The CPA also protects an applicant’s use of lawful consumable products off the employer’s premises during nonworking hours. Therefore, regardless of whether an employer actually conducts pre-employment testing, the law now makes it unlawful to withdraw an offer of employment based on the candidate’s off-duty, off-premises use of marijuana and cannabis products. Conclusion With the passage of Minnesota’s recreational cannabis law, employers will need to revisit their drug and alcohol policies, as well as any hiring policies and practices affected by the law, to ensure they are legally compliant. Employers need to work with supervisors to assist in recognizing an employee who, as the result of consuming cannabis products, does not possess the clearness of intellect and control that the employee usually has. Employers who have questions about any of this new legislation should contact a Larkin Hoffman attorney.
